Subject(s)
COVID-19/pathology , Metapneumovirus/pathogenicity , Paramyxoviridae Infections/pathology , SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity , COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , COVID-19/virology , COVID-19 Testing/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Coinfection , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Paramyxoviridae Infections/diagnostic imaging , Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
In the last months of 2019, an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to other parts of the world. It was named COVID-19, and to date, thousands of cases of infection and death are reported worldwide. This disease is associated with a wide range of symptoms, which makes accurate diagnosis of it difficult. During previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003, researchers found that the patients with fever, cough, or sore throat had a 5% influenza virus-positive rate. This finding made us think that the wide range of symptoms and also relatively high prevalence of death in our patients may be due to the coinfection with other viruses. Thus, we evaluated the coinfection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with other respiratory viruses in dead patients in North Khorasan. We evaluated the presence of influenza A/B virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza viruses in 105 SARS-CoV-2 positive dead patients, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR tests. We found coinfection with influenza virus in 22.3%, RSV, and bocavirus in 9.7%, parainfluenza viruses in 3.9%, human metapneumovirus in 2.9%, and finally adenovirus in 1.9% of SARS-CoV-2 positive dead cases. Our findings highlight a high prevalence of coinfection with influenza A virus and the monopoly of coinfection with Human metapneumovirus in children.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Coinfection/mortality , Coinfection/virology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Viruses/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Cadaver , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/isolation & purification , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Viruses/classification , Young AdultABSTRACT
In late 2019, an outbreak of respiratory disease named COVID-19 started in the world. To date, thousands of cases of infection are reported worldwide. Most researchers focused on epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19, and a small part of studies was performed to evaluate the genetic characteristics of this virus. Regarding the high price and low availability of sequencing techniques in developing countries, here we describe a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2. Using bioinformatics databases and software, we designed the PCR-RFLP method for D614G mutation detection. We evaluated 144 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples isolated in six months in Northeastern Iran. Our results showed that the prevalent type is S-D in our isolates, and a small number of isolated belongs to the S-G type. Of 144 samples, 127 (88.2%) samples have belonged to type S-D, and 13 (9%) samples typed S-G. The first S-G type was detected on 2020 June 10. We have little information about the prevalence of D614G mutation, and it seems that the reason is the lack of cheap and fast methods. We hope that this method will provide more information on the prevalence and epidemiology of D614G mutations worldwide.